A Comprehensive Guide To Open Heart Surgery

Open heart surgery is one of the most crucial surgical procedures. The surgery is performed to treat a wide range of heart conditions. The surgery is performed by making a large incision across the chest to expose the heart. This incision is usually 6 to 8 inches down into the chest. It is followed by cutting through the breastbone. This is why it is called open heart surgery. Although this may sound unnerving, the surgery saves millions of lives and allows people to spend long, healthy lives. In this blog, we will discuss some insights from the best cardiac surgeon in India regarding Open Heart Surgery. This blog will also entail an overview, procedure, benefits, risks, and recovery procedure for the previously mentioned surgery. 

An Overview Of Open Heart Surgery

Open heart surgery is performed to repair or replace damaged, diseased, or malfunctioning parts of the heart. Despite the name being suggested as ‘open heart surgery,” the surgery does not always involve the heart being "open" for the entire surgery. Instead, in some cases, the surgeons may temporarily stop the heart and perform the required repair. This is done with the assistance of a heart-lung machine. This machine takes over the function of the heart throughout the procedure. Once the surgery is completed, the heart is revived and functions normally. 

When Is Open Heart Surgery Needed?

Open heart surgery is recommended for individuals suffering from severe heart conditions that cannot be managed through medication or a minimally invasive procedure. Instances of common heart conditions treated with open heart surgery are as follows:

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD, or coronary artery disease, is caused by the narrowing or blocking of arteries associated with the heart. These arteries are known as coronary arteries. Now, the narrowing or blocking of arteries is usually caused by the buildup of plaque. Building up of plaque results in restricted blood flow followed by chest pain. The medical term for chest pain is angina. In addition to that, this ultimately results in a heart attack. 

Moreover, treating this disease requires bypass grafting called CABG. It helps in rerouting the blood flow using the healthy blood vessels from another part of the body. 

Heart Valve Disease: Open heart surgery is also performed to treat heart valve disease. During this surgery, the damage or disease is repaired or removed and replaced with an artificial valve. Now, the replacement valve could be a biological or artificial valve.

Aortic Aneurysm: Aortic aneurysm occurs when the walls of the aorta get damaged or weakened and become bulged. The surgery is performed to replace or repair the damaged part of the aorta. 

Congenital Heart Defects: Open heart surgery is also performed to address congenital heart issues such as atrial septal defect, atrioventricular canal defect, ventricular septal defect, etc. This surgical procedure corrects the issues and improves quality of life. 

Heart Transplantation: Heart Transplantation is also performed by doing open heart surgery. A heart transplantation is required in the case of heart failure, in which the diseased heart is replaced with the healthy donor heart.

The Open Heart Surgery Procedure

The procedure of the open heart surgery is further mentioned below in detail: 

Preparation: Tye involves the administration of general anesthesia to the patient, ensuring the patient is unconscious and pain-free throughout the procedure. The sedative is administered by inserting an intravenous (IV) line and a catheter to monitor the vital signs. 

Incision: once the sedative kicks in, an incision is made down to the middle of the chest, cutting through the breastbone and allowing access to the heart.

Heart-Lung Machine: In some cases, a heart-lung machine is used to take over the function of the heart when the heart is temporarily stopped. The machine carries forward the role of pumping blood and oxygen. This allows the surgeon to carry on with the surgery while the human heart is at rest.

Repair or Replacement: Based on the agenda of the surgery, the surgeon will replace or repair the damaged part of the heart.

Closing: Once the repair or replacement is done, the heart is restarted and the heart and lung machine is slowly removed for the heart to take over. The incision is then closed with staples or sutures. 

Recovery After Open Heart Surgery

Recovery from open heart surgery is a gentle and moderate process and may take several weeks or months to get fully recovered. However, the recovery timeline depends on the complexity of the surgery and the patient's healing ability. However, the concise recovery period is further mentioned below: 

A typical hospital of 5 to 7 days for close monitoring of any signs of complications, such as infection or bleeding. It also includes pain management and breathing exercises to encourage quick recovery. 

Physical recovery starts once the patient is discharged and continues recovery at home, involving moderate physical activity like walking to improve circulation and strength. Your surgeon may also suggest a cardiac rehab program to help patients rebuild endurance and strength after surgery.

Risks and Complications

The risks and complications associated with the heart surgery are: 

• Infection 
• Blood clots
• Bleeding
• Stroke (in rare cases)
• Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

Consult expert consultation for Open Heart surgery in Delhi!

Open heart surgery is a life-saving procedure, giving a second chance at life and improving quality of life. Open heart surgery in Delhi is best performed by Dr. Sujay Shad. The surgeon treats conditions like coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, and congenital heart defects with precision, compassion, and care. If you or a loved one is looking for a cardiac surgeon, take an expert consultation with Dr. Shad today! 

Signs One is Experiencing Heart Attack

Heart attack is a chronic condition where blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked due to clots. Blockage in the heart prevents oxygen supply and damages the heart muscles. Immediate medical conditions are necessary for the patient to manage a heart attack. The fast process helps patients to restore blood flow to the heart and improves heart function. Symptoms such as chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, and dizziness are more common. It can be managed by balancing diet, regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol and smoking. Dr. Sujay Shad, the best cardiac surgeon in India is known for his excellence at complex cardiac procedures. It is necessary to visit him at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital for a regular checkup. Regular follow-up helps in recognizing early signs of heart attack and can be cured on time. 

Here are several key signs of a heart attack:

Chest Pain or Discomfort: It is a primary symptom of a heart attack. Patients feel heavy pressure, squeezing, or fullness on the left side of the chest. Pain is spread to other body parts such as arms, neck, jaws, or back. It is due to an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart's muscles. It results in blockage in a coronary artery. 

Dyspnea: Dyspnea refers to the shortening of breath, leading to a heart attack. It happens when muscles are unable to pump blood due to an adequate amount of oxygen supply to the heart muscles. This leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs. It is necessary to take immediate action to resolve this issue and prevent further complications. 

Nausea: Nausea is one of the symptoms of a heart attack. It occurs due to minimal blood flow. The heart's inefficiency affects the digestive system. It may also be due to a reaction to severe pain or anxiety. It is necessary to control vomiting as it can be a sign of a heart attack. Prompt treatment is essential for effective recovery. 

Dizziness and Fatigue: Dizziness and fatigue are the symptoms of a heart attack. Dizziness is due to heart impairment. The heart is not able to pump. That reduces blood flow. Fatigue refers to continuous tiredness or weakness. It's due to insufficient oxygen and nutrients in the body.

Sweating: Sweating in cold temperatures is a sign of a heart attack. Patients start sweating suddenly without doing any physical activities. It is due to the body's stress that the heart is not working effectively during a heart attack. 

It is important not to ignore these signs and symptoms of heart attack. Dr. Sujay Shad is a renowned name for treating heart diseases and provides competitive heart surgery cost in Delhi. One can visit him at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital to provide the best care for their heart issues and ensure their overall well-being.

Effect Of Blood Pressure On Heart

The heart is the vital organ of the body and is responsible for pumping blood. But this functionality of the heart relies on a delicate balance of blood pressure to function optimally. Blood pressure, the force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, plays a significant role in maintaining cardiovascular health.

In this blog, we will explore the effects of blood pressure on the heart and understand the importance of managing it effectively. However, insights for this blog have been taken from Dr. Sujay Shad, the best cardiac surgeon in Delhi.

Effect of High Blood Pressure on the Health of Heart

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

High blood pressure harms the lining of the arteries, which encourages the buildup of fat deposits known as cholesterol. These artery-narrowing plaques raise the risk of heart attacks by decreasing blood supply to the heart muscle.

Heart disease

Long-term hypertension can thicken the heart muscles and reduce their ability to pump blood. When the heart cannot supply the body with the nourishment and oxygen it needs, cardiac failure can result. A heart transplant is a significant method to replace a disease or non-functioning heart with a healthy one.  

Stroke

The risk of stroke can be raised by elevated blood pressure, which can damage brain blood arteries and encourage the production of blood clots. A stroke happens when the blood supply to the brain is compromised, which causes harm to or death of brain cells or failure of heart valve. If heart valves fail to perform their work, then need a heart surgeon’s intervention to repair them.   

Aortic Aneurysm

The aorta, a sizable artery that extends from the heart through the chest and torso, has a balloon-like bulge in it called an aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysms can rupture or split apart due to the power of blood pumping, which causes blood to flow in between the layers of the artery wall. Once this heart issue occurs, aortic surgery in India is performed by a heart surgeon.  

Effect of Low Blood Pressure or Hypotension

Low blood pressure, or hypotension, lessens the pressure on the artery walls and can lead to insufficient blood flow to organs, including the heart. This may result in:

• Reduced Oxygen Supply

Low blood pressure can prevent the heart from receiving essential nutrients and oxygen due to inadequate blood flow. Long-term oxygen deprivation can damage the heart muscle and affect its functionality.

•  Fainting and Dizziness

Rapid reductions in blood pressure might result in dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting spells. These symptoms could be the result of insufficient blood flow to the brain, which could increase the risk of falls or accidents.

 

Heart Disease Caused by Blood Pressure

Hypertension, or high blood pressure-related heart disease, is a significant medical illness with potentially fatal effects. The arteries providing blood to the heart might narrow or become clogged as a result of coronary artery disease, which can be brought on by persistently high blood pressure. Heart attacks, angina, and even heart failure may arise from this. Due to the damage it causes to the brain's blood arteries, hypertension also raises the chance of stroke. To avoid or control heart disease linked to high blood pressure, it is essential to regulate blood pressure through lifestyle modifications like a good diet and frequent exercise, and in some circumstances, medication.

Managing Blood Pressure

In order to keep the heart healthy, maintaining a healthy level of blood pressure is crucial. A few strategies are given below:

• Regular Inspection: 

Check your blood pressure frequently with the aid of medical professionals or at-home monitoring devices. This will enable you to monitor the state of your blood pressure and take appropriate action if it deviates from the usual range.

• Healthy Lifestyle

Adopting a healthy lifestyle can have a substantial impact on blood pressure. This includes keeping a healthy weight, exercising frequently, eating a balanced diet low in salt, avoiding cigarette products, and limiting alcohol intake.

• Medication

In some circumstances, a change in lifestyle is insufficient to control blood pressure. In such cases, heart doctors may recommend drugs to help control blood pressure levels and lower the risk of issues related to the heart.

• Stress Management

Chronic stress can contribute to high blood pressure. Practising stress management techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and engaging in hobbies can help alleviate stress and promote overall well-being.

Conclusion:

For heart health, maintaining ideal blood pressure is crucial. Low blood pressure can impair blood flow to important organs, including the heart, putting them at risk for cardiovascular disorders, while high blood pressure puts an undue load on the heart. Individuals can effectively control blood pressure levels and protect their heart health over the long term by adopting a healthy lifestyle, routinely monitoring their blood pressure, and seeking appropriate medical assistance from an expert like Dr. Sujay Shad, renowned heart surgery specialist in Delhi.

Everything One Should Know About Heart Attack

 Heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked. This can cause damage to the heart muscle and can be life-threatening if not treated immediately. 

In this blog, Dr. Sujay Shad, known as the best cardiac surgeon in Delhi, will discuss everything that one should know about heart attacks, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Causes of Heart Attack

A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot. The most common cause of this blockage is a build-up of fatty deposits, also known as plaque, in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Other causes of a heart attack include:

• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol levels
• Diabetes
• Family history of heart disease
• Obesity
• Lack of physical activity
• Stress
• Drug abuse.

Symptoms of Heart Attack

The symptoms of a heart attack can vary from person to person, and not everyone experiences the same symptoms. However, some common symptoms of a heart attack include the following:

• Chest pain or discomfort, which may feel like pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the chest
• Pain or discomfort in the arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fatigue or weakness.

It's important to note that some people, especially women, may not experience chest pain during a heart attack. Instead, they may experience other symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea, or fatigue.

Diagnosis of Heart Attack

If someone is experiencing any symptoms of heart attack, it's important to seek medical attention immediately. The sooner a heart attack is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome.

To diagnose a heart attack, a cardiac surgeon may perform a physical checkup and ask about the symptoms and medical history. They may also perform some diagnostic tests, including:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can help identify abnormalities in the heart rhythm.
• Blood tests: These tests can help identify enzymes and proteins the heart releases during a heart attack.
• Chest X-ray: This test can help identify abnormalities in the heart and lungs.
• Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting dye into the arteries of the heart and taking X-rays to identify blockages or narrowed areas.

Treatment of Heart Attack

The goal of treatment for a heart attack is to restore blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible. The sooner blood flow is restored, the less damage there will be to the heart muscle. Treatment for a heart attack may include:

• Medications: Medications such as clot-busting drugs may be given to help restore blood flow to the heart and prevent further damage.
• Coronary angioplasty and stenting: This procedure involves inserting a thin tube with a balloon on the end into the blocked artery and inflating the balloon to widen the artery. A small mesh tube, called a stent, may also be inserted to help keep the artery open.
• Coronary artery bypass surgery: It is a type of open heart surgery in Delhi performed by Dr. Sujay Shad. This surgical procedure involves creating a new route for blood to flow around the blocked artery.
• Heart valve repair and replacement: A most common reason for heart stroke is blockage in the valve. A cardiac surgeon repairs the damage to heart valves (mitral, aortic, pulmonary and tricuspid) or replaces them with artificial ones if required.  
• Lifestyle changes: After a heart attack, it's important to make lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of future heart problems. This may include quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress.
• Heart transplant: Heart transplant is a unique and most effective treatment of replacing an healthy heart with fully functional blockage caused by cholesterol-free heart.  

Prevention of Heart Attack

There are several things you can do to reduce your risk of a heart attack, including:

• Quit smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, so quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do
• Eating a heart-healthy diet: A diet that is low in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium, and rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help improve heart health.
• Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of heart disease, so maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and a healthy diet is important.
• Managing stress: Stress can increase the risk of heart disease, so finding healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, meditation. 

Heart attacks need immediate treatment. Hence, one feeling chest pain, heavy breathing, dizziness or any other symptoms from the above-mentioned list need to avoid wasting time in home remedies and schedule an emergency consultation with a best heart specialist.

In advance, book an appointment with Dr. Sujay Shad- best heart surgeon in Delhi at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital roday for more information. 

A Comprehensive Guide on Coronary Bypass Surgery

 Nobody is ever too old to take care of their heart. A healthy heart regulates a person's overall health as it pumps nutrition-rich blood across the body. As the main center of one's cardiovascular system, it is vitally responsible for life flowing throughout the body. However, the arteries get blocked due to various factors and demand coronary bypass surgery. 

This particular heart surgery cost in Delhi may vary from hospital to hospital and surgery to surgery. However, finding the right cardiologist for the best results is crucial. Dr. Sujay Shad is one of the most renowned heart surgeons in Delhi. He specializes in the comprehensive management of heart failure patients. Some of the necessary surgical procedures the doctor takes include HOCM, Coronary Bypass, and Aortic Surgery. One can find him in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi to know more about this life saving heart surgery. 

What is Coronary Bypass Surgery?

Coronary bypass surgery or bypass surgery is one the most common heart surgeries which must be performed by an expert and experienced cardiac surgeon such as Dr. Sujay Shad, the best cardiac surgeon in India. When the arteries are narrowed or blocked, restricting blood supply to the heart, this surgery helps develop a new channel to regulate a healthy blood flow. Sometimes, this surgery is performed as an immediate treatment for a heart attack. 

There are many reasons why one may get bypass surgery. Some of the reasons may include the following: 

• When the artery supplies a lot of blood to the heart; (the left main heart artery) may have a blockage.
• When the main heart artery is blocked. 
• When a person faces severe chest pain as a result of narrowing down multiple heart arteries, the narrowing causes less blood to flow to the heart, even during rest. 
• When a person has more than one heart artery, the lower left heart chamber also doesn't function properly. 
• When the blocked heart artery cannot be fixed with a less invasive treatment called coronary angioplasty. 
• An unsuccessful angioplasty without or with a stent. For instance, after stenting, an artery narrows again.

What to Expect Before the Procedure?

• The healthcare provider will educate the patient about the medications they may have to take before the surgery and which ones should be stopped. 
• The healthcare provider will guide you in preparing for the procedure and the directions to follow post-surgery. 
• The patient will be instructed to eat and avoid specific foods. 
• The experts will also disclose what the patient can experience during the recovery, including the recovery duration, how the patient is most likely to feel, and what symptoms to look for. 

What Happens During the Surgery?

Coronary bypass surgery is a complex one that can take several hours to finish. The exact time depends on the specific surgery and how many bypasses the patient needs. Below are the typical steps followed in most of these surgeries.

• The doctors will give anesthesia to the patient and put them into a deep sleep. 
• The patient will then be incubated to help them breathe during the surgery. 
• Intravenous lines will be attached to the patient to infuse medications and other fluids into the body. 
• A small tube called a urinary catheter will be inserted into the urethra until it reaches the patient's bladder to help them when unconscious. 
• The patient will be on a heart-lung bypass machine which takes over the patient's lungs and heart and aids in pumping the blood. 

Blood Vessel Harvesting 

Coronary bypass surgery creates a bypass route for blood to reach the heart. The surgeon takes blood vessels from somewhere else in the body, such as limbs or legs, and uses them to develop the detour around the blockage. Multiple bypasses are required for multiple blockages. These are (4) quadruple, (3) triple, and (2) double.

Surgical Procedure

• The surgeon will make the incision in the center of the chest to reach the heart.
• They will split the breast bone from the middle, spreading and lifting the ribcage. 
• The harvested blood vessels will be used to craft the bypass as soon as the surgeon gets to the heart. 
• The upper end of the bypass will attach to the aorta (the large artery responsible for carrying blood from the heart to the rest of the body). 
• The lower end will be attached to the blocked artery past the blockage. 
• As soon as the steps mentioned above are completed, the doctors will restart the patient's heart if it is stopped. 
• The surgeon will lower the rib again and wire it back. 
• The incision will be closed using stitches and staples. 

Recovery and Rehabilitation After the Surgery

• After the surgery, the patient is shifted to the ICU for the first two days because the staff there is specialized in handling such cases. 
• Once the patient is stable enough to walk to the bathroom and shows interest in eating (in the next 4-5 days), the doctor transfers them to a regular medical-surgical room for the rest of their stay. 
• The average hospital stay may be up to 12 days.
• After discharge from the hospital, the patients may complete a cardiac rehabilitation program to rebuild the patient's strength. 
• An ECG, blood test, and a CXR are necessary for the first review after a week. Most patients can initiate short walks in nearby parks and gradually increase their physical activity. 
• About a month after the surgery, Most self-employed persons who can regulate their schedules return to work by this period; employees take around two months to recover.

Risks Associated with the Surgery 

During the last 30 years, bypass surgery has already become extremely efficient and painless. Now doctors have better equipment, grafts, surgical and anesthetic techniques, risk factor control, and more efficient medications. Statistically, bypass grafts yield excellent results even after 15 years.

Most individuals, however, are still apprehensive about the complications of this surgery. Several centers across the globe would have been happy if 60-65% of bypass patients survived 40 years ago when methods were not as advanced.

Now, centers aim for nearly 100% survival post-bypass surgery. Most facilities in India have a success rate of more than 99%, while better institutions have a 99.6-99.8% survival rate. In general, this is a safe surgery.

Coronary bypass surgery is indeed significant, but it is safe and yields impressive results. It is better for multiple blockages in specific arteries and in cases where coronary angioplasty is not applicable. The best part is there is a lower risk for follow-up procedures. 

One can contact Dr. Sujay Shah at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital for coronary bypass surgery. He repairs the creator's creation, which makes his work unique. Regardless of the circumstances, he must remain motivated and determined, and his single goal is to make others feel better. Approximately 70% of his work is on coronary bypass surgery. Off-Pump CABG is nearly totally used nowadays. He routinely performs double or triple/quadruple artery grafts on younger individuals under 60 with severe coronary lesions. LIMA is utilized for all patients; young patients also get a RIMA or radial graft. Therefore, achieving less than 1 unit transfusion for CABG, less than 3% IABP usage, and less than 0.5% risk of wound infection with adequate monitoring and pre and intraoperative care. Contact them for details like heart surgery costs in Delhi and other such information on heart care.  

Book a visit today!

How To Maintain Heart Health During Winter?

 In wintertime, temperature fluctuation may have unanticipated effects on health, particularly on the heart. Keeping this in mind, it is essential to comprehend the cause and methods for protecting the heart in this weather. ‘Let’s explore why heart attacks are more prevalent in  winter and how to prevent them with the valuable information shared by the best cardiac surgeon in Delhi’, Dr. Sujay Shad practicing at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, one of the best heart hospitals in India.

Are heart attacks common during  winter?

Cold causes constriction of blood vessels. As a result, the risk of stroke and heart attack may also increase. The narrowing of coronary arteries during the winter might exacerbate angina or chest pain caused by coronary heart disease.

The heart works harder to maintain a normal body temperature when it is chilly outdoors. Because winter winds cause the body to lose heat more rapidly, they may exacerbate the condition. If the body temperature dips below 95 degrees Fahrenheit, hypothermia may injure the heart muscle.

Due to elevated blood pressure, the coronary arteries may constrict, reducing the amount of blood and oxygen reaching the heart and its muscles. The consequence may be a heart attack.

In winter season, the human body perspires more compared to summer, as a result increasing the blood volume. The increased fluid retention in the body causes higher blood pressure and an increased risk of a heart attack.

Cold weather influences people’s behavior. Weight gain and less physical activity are two examples. These two factors raise the probability of developing issues that could lead to a heart attack. In addition, individuals may consume more food, exacerbating the weight gain issue.

The decrease in solar exposure is an additional major effect. This decreased exposure to sunlight could lead to Vitamin D insufficiency if people spend more time indoors or if certain regions receive less sunlight. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular diseases.

How to maintain a healthy heart throughout the winter?

As with the majority of illnesses, there are preventative actions one can take to reduce the disease risk. Similarly, various corrective and preventative measures can assist in reducing the incidence of heart attacks during the winter.

Follow these steps to improve heart health:

·   Eat well during winter. Avoid fried, greasy, sugary, and cholesterol-rich foods, as they can increase the risk of getting heart disease.

·   The most important thing is to be warm. If one is prone to cold conditions, wear-in sufficient layers to keep the body warm.

·   Maintain physical activity throughout the winter, even if it seems difficult. It is not necessary to exercise outside. Yoga, dancing, light aerobics, home workouts, and meditation can all be performed indoors. Regular activity maintains fitness and keeps the body warm.

·   Avoid exceeding the bounds. If one has heart problems, one should avoid strenuous labor and take short time between jobs.

·   Abstain from excessive alcohol consumption.

·   Maintain a close watch on medical concerns such as kidney, cardiovascular, and blood pressure difficulties. These conditions raise the chance of developing cardiac issues if left untreated.

·   Quit smoking since it increases the chance of acquiring heart problems.

·   Consume hot foods in chilly weather to keep the body warm.

·   Those with heart problems should avoid sudden cold strokes by being indoors on chilly days.

·   Remember these tips if one wishes to keep a healthy heart throughout the winter and beyond.For more valuable insight on heart health and if one is experiencing any issues related to their heart, they can consult Dr. Sujay Shad, a top heart surgeon in Delhi.